L and D.-F.L.), the program Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2014079 to D.-F.L.) and the US National Institutes of Health (R35GM131760 to I.B.Z.). All other relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.įunding: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (9205110037 to D.-F.L.), National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0905500 to S.-J. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The structure factor and coordinate files have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the accession codes number 7WRM. Received: SeptemAccepted: NovemPublished: December 11, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Guo et al. Stock, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, UNITED STATES (2023) Attractant and repellent induce opposing changes in the four-helix bundle ligand-binding domain of a bacterial chemoreceptor. We propose a model to illustrate how positive and negative signals might be generated.Ĭitation: Guo L, Wang Y-H, Cui R, Huang Z, Hong Y, Qian J-W, et al. We also observed opposing effects of repellent and attractant binding on the orientation of an alpha helix connecting the sensory domain to the transmembrane helix. We found that malate and citrate affect the oligomerization state of the ligand-binding domain in opposing way. ![]() Binding determinants for a repellent and an attractant had only minor differences, and a single amino acid substitution in the binding site inverted the response to malate from a repellent to an attractant. Here, we identified malate as a repellent recognized by the MCP2201 chemoreceptor in a bacterium Comamonas testosteroni and showed that it binds to the same site as an attractant citrate. Mechanisms of sensing attractants are well understood however, molecular aspects of how bacteria sense repellents have not been established. **Please bear in mind that colors of products shown may vary slightly from their original color due to monitor display settings or photography studio lighting.Motile bacteria navigate toward favorable conditions and away from unfavorable environments using chemotaxis.Shows minor cracks, blemishes and discoloration. These are not to be consider defects but rather part of its character & historical value. *Condition: Wear consistent with age & use, blemishes and imperfections will be present.A lovely addition to your home as a built-in piece for your home or a one of a kind antique wall art. This antique wood window frames are considered to be an important part of Chinese architectural heritage and were often seen in courtyard houses where they were used to separate different rooms. ![]() They also provide ventilation while being able to close off the windows with sliding wooden panels or bamboo blinds. ![]() The lattice pattern allows light to filter through the window while providing privacy, and also serve as a decorative element. These antique windows were often painted in bright colors, and the frames are often decorated with intricate carvings and designs, such as flowers, birds, and auspicious symbols. They are handmade of wood and feature a complex geometric pattern of interlocking wooden frames, creating a lattice design. ![]() A traditional architectural feature of Chinese buildings, this beautiful antique Chinese lattice window was prominent in the quiet villages of the southern regions of China.
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